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ADHD UK Medication ADHD medications are controlled and must be prescribed by a specialist physician. These stimulants include methylphenidate (Ritalin and Concerta) as well as amphetamine salts and atomoxetine. Other non-medical treatments such as talk therapy are also suggested. While medications can aid in managing symptoms, they cannot alter the negative strategies for coping. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed ADHD medication in the UK. It is also prescribed for Narcolepsy, as well as other mental disorders. It is available as immediate-release tablets as well as extended-release capsules. The extended-release version takes longer to dissolve and has long-lasting effects. It is prescribed for a short period of time and the dosage is determined by the person's symptoms. In general, stimulant medications boost the activity of brain regions that control attention and behaviour. types of adhd medication are often called “cognitive enhancers”, and they help people to focus, pay attention and stay on task. Methylphenidate works by increasing activity in areas of the brain that are underactive when people suffer from ADHD. It also enhances the efficiency of your body's energy usage. It is also marketed as Ritalin. A recent study has revealed that the UK has witnessed an eight-fold increase in methylphenidate prescriptions over the last two decades. This is a major health risk for the public and suggests that there may be a misdiagnosis of ADHD in the UK. The researchers studied data from the Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD) which includes the information on all NHS patients who were registered with a GP in England from 1992 to 2013. The study focused on the use of drugs classified as CNS stimulants and approved for ADHD in the British National Formulary. This includes methylphenidate (methylphenidate immediate-release and methylphenidate with extended release), atomoxetine, dexamphetamine (and its derivative Lisdexamfetamine) and modafinil. Pemoline, which is not available in the UK due to liver toxicities, was excluded from the study. Researchers have found that methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed drug for children 5 years old and younger. Nearly a quarter children have been prescribed this medication. This is despite the fact that National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines recommend that medication only be offered as the first line treatment for children who have severe symptoms of ADHD. In addition, they suggest that parents consider psychological interventions instead. The results suggest that the increase in prescriptions of methylphenidate may be partly due to the availability and accessibility of mental health services. However, it could also reflect an greater awareness of ADHD among younger people and an increased willingness to seek treatment and diagnosis. Additionally there could be some cases of inappropriate prescribing methylphenidate to adolescents and young adults. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat ADHD in adolescents and children. It is also used to treat comorbid symptoms of anxiety. It isn't a stimulant, and has a low abuse potential. It has been proven to be effective in clinical studies and is a great option for children that are not responding well to stimulants. However the long-term safety of atomoxetine remains established. Atomoxetine differs in comparison to other ADHD medication. It raises the levels of a chemical in the brain known as noradrenaline. This chemical is responsible for transmitting messages between nerve cells and increasing its levels can improve concentration and control impulses. It is available in capsules and is taken every daily. This medication is usually taken in conjunction with other treatments, including psychological therapy, educational support, and cognitive behavioural therapy. In one study, atomoxetine was found to be more effective in treating ADHD symptoms than a placebo. This drug is well tolerated and has a lower side risk than stimulants, particularly in children. A recent study on cost-effectiveness showed that treatment protocols using atomoxetine for the first drug were less expensive than those utilizing dexamfetamine or methylphenidate. This drug is linked to serious side effects like suicidal feelings. If your child is experiencing these symptoms, speak to a doctor right away. A lot of medicines, such as monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) such as phenelzine, may interact with atomoxetine. If your child takes MAOIs ask your doctor for a substitute. Certain people may suffer from stomach pain, fatigue or a loss of appetite. These side effects are generally mild, but they may be severe in some cases. Atomoxetine has been linked to a rare, but serious condition called liver impairment, which could cause liver failure. In over the counter adhd medication could be fatal. Therefore, it is important to check with your doctor before taking this medication if you have any liver issues or any other health issues. Tell your doctor all of the medications you take, including complementary and herbal treatments. This includes prescription and non-prescription drugs such as vitamins, minerals, and vitamins. It is particularly important to let your doctor know that you are taking other medicines for ADHD such as methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine. Tell your doctor if either you or your child is pregnant, breastfeeding or contemplating becoming pregnant. Dexamfetamine Dexamfetamine is a stimulant and is used to treat ADHD in adults. It can improve concentration and attention, reduce the impulsive behavior, and improve mood. It can be taken orally, or as a capsule or solution. It is essential to use it regularly and as recommended by your physician. If you stop taking too much or stop abruptly can cause problems. Do not drive or operate machinery if you're taking this medication. It is also a crime to carry around the medicine without your prescription and you must always have proof that you have been prescribed it, like a repeat prescription form or an information leaflet. It is recommended to carry your medication with you to school or work in case you require it during the day. Dexamfetamine is to be used with caution in epilepsy patients, since it can decrease the threshold for convulsions. It should not be used in patients with an history of blood vessel or cardiac disorders, such as coronary heart disease or high blood pressure. It is not recommended to use during pregnancy or nursing. It is excreted from breast milk, so it could pose a threat for the baby. If symptoms of ADHD become worse, a review by the physician is recommended. This can help to establish whether the condition is being managed with medication and if the medications are suitable. This will allow the doctor to change dosages or switch to different treatments if necessary. A doctor will begin the patient with a low dose and gradually increase it to ensure they get the right amount of medication. It is also an ideal idea to take the tablets at the same time every day, and ideally with food. This will help you remember to take them, and will lower the chance of missing doses. In addition to taking medication, those with ADHD may benefit from psychoeducation and therapy. This can help children as well as adults learn to cope with their condition. Therapy can also help them manage other issues, like depression or anxiety. Psychoeducation is a combination of education materials and support from a qualified professional, whereas therapeutic therapies can be behavioral or cognitive. Modafinil Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting prescription drug that reduces extreme sleepiness that accompanies conditions such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and shift work sleep disorder. Modafinil can be prescribed off-label by adults who are over 18 years old to treat signs of ADHD. It is not approved for such use and should be taken only under the supervision of a medical professional. It is only available with an order from a doctor, and should be kept in a safe place from children. It is crucial to adhere to the instructions on your prescription label and ask your pharmacist or doctor to explain any aspect of the medicine that you do not understand. The NHS website describes Modafinil as an anti-sleepy central nervous system stimulant. Modafinil is prescribed to treat the condition of narcolepsy. It is extensively used to treat people suffering from Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and fatigue triggered by sleep apnea/hypopnea as well as shift work. Executives, students and military personnel who must remain alert are also frequent users. A recent survey of UK students revealed that one in five students have taken a “smart drug” to boost their concentration during their examinations. Jack Rivlin, 24, editor of student paper The Tab in Farringdon, London, told BBC Newsbeat that he had bought modafinil on an offshore site for PS130 last year to help him through his revision. While he says he doesn't believe that modafinil can make him smarter, he does admit that it has helped him keep up with his course notes and pass his test. It is important to remember that these drugs aren't magic bullets and they can cause serious side effects. In addition to its wakefulness-promoting effects, modafinil can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems in some patients, especially those with heart disease. Modafinil can also interact with certain medications, such as antidepressants as well as sedatives. It is possible that you will develop withdrawal symptoms and become dependent on the medication if you suddenly stop taking it. Modafinil, which is also known as methylphenidate or atomoxetine is classified as a class B substance. This means that it is illegal to distribute, possess, or sell. If you're caught, you could be sentenced to up to five years in prison.